Product Dose:

Uses of Bordeaux

Classification

Applications

Agriculture

 

Major uses

Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures for use as fungicides

 

Manufacture of other copper fungicides such as copper-lime dust, tribasic

 

copper sulphate, copper carbonate and cuprous oxide

 

Manufacture of insecticides such as copper arsenite and Paris green

 

Control of fungus diseases (see below)

 

Correction of copper deficiency in soils

 

Correction of copper deficiency in animals

 

Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler chickens

 

Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and snails, particularly the snail host of the liver fluke

Other uses

Seed dressing

 

Soil steriliser, e.g. Cheshunt compound (a mixture of copper sulphate and ammonium carbonate) to prevent "damping-off" disease of tomato, etc.

 

Control and prevention of foot rot in sheep and cattle

 

Bacteriastat for addition to sheep dips

 

Disinfectant in prevention of the spread of swine erysepelas and white scours in calves

 

Control of scum in farm ponds

 

Plant nutrient in rice fields

 

Preservative for wooden posts, wooden buildings, etc.

 

Preservative for wooden fruit boxes, planting baskets and other containers

 

Ingredient of vermin repellents, e.g. for application to bark of trees against rabbits

 

Stimulant of latex yield on rubber plantations

 

Protection against algal growths on flower pots

Public Health and Medicine

 

 

Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and swimming pools

 

Prevention of the spread of athletes foot in warm climates, by incorporation in the flooring mixture of swimming baths

 

Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a molluscicide

 

Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of Paris green for use against mosquito larvae

 

Antiseptic and germicide against fungus infections

 

Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products

Industry

 

Adhesives

Preservative in casein and other glues

 

Additive to bookbinding pastes and glues, for insecticidal purposes

 

Additive to animal and silicate glues to give water resistance

Building

Timber preservative and in the preparation of other wood preservatives, e.g. oil based copper naphthenates and water based copper/chrome/arsenic for the

 

prevention of woodworms and wood rots

 

Ingredient of plaster to prevent fungus infection, e.g. to prevent the spread of dry rot

 

Ingredient of concrete, both as a colouring matter and as an antiseptic, e.g. for use in and around swimming pools

 

Modification of the setting of concrete

 

Protection against lichens, moulds and similar growths on asbestos cement roofing and other building materials

 

Control of the growth of tree roots in sewers

Chemical

Preparation of catalysts for use in many industries

 

Purification of gases, e.g. removal of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide

 

Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc sulphate solutions

 

Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts from crude extracts

 

Source of other copper compounds such as copper carbonate silicate/arsenite/

 

aceto-arsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate naphthenate/chromate/chlorate

 

/alginate/fluoride/hydroxide, cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and

 

cuprammonium compounds

 Decorative trades

 Colouring glass

 

 Colouring cement and plaster

 

 Colouring ceramic wares

 

 Alteration of metal colours, e.g. darkening of zinc, colouring aluminium

 Dyestuffs

 Reagent in the preparation of dyestuffs intermediates

 

 Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts, e.g. preparation of phenols from diazo compounds, preparation of phthalocyanine dyes

 Leather and

 Mordant in dyeing

 

 Reagent in tanning processes

 Metal and

 Electrolyte in copper refining

 electrical

 Electrolyte in copper plating and electro forming

 

 Electrolytic manufacture of cuprous compounds, e.g. cuprous oxide

 

 Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes in batteries

 

 Electrolyte in the manufacture of copper powder

 

 Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising

 

 Copper coating steel wire, prior to wire drawing

 

 Pickling copper wire, etc., prior to enamelling

 

 Providing a suitable surface for marking out iron and steel

 Mining

 Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores, e.g. zinc blende

 Paint

 Raw material for the manufacture of copper naphthenate and other copper compounds for use in anti-fouling paints

 

 Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers, e.g. copper oleate, copper stearate

 

 Preparation of certain pigments, e.g. copper chromate, copper ferrocyanide, copper phthalocyanine

 Printing

 Etching agent for process engraving

 

 Electrolyte in the preparation of electrotype

 

 Ingredient of printing inks

 Synthetic rubber

 Preparation of catalysts used in cracking certain gaseous and liquid petroleum

 and petroleum

 Fractions

 

 Preparation of cuprous chloride, used in the purification of butadiene and in the separation of acetylene derivatives

 

 Preparation of catalysts used in chlorinating rubber latex

 

 Purification of petroleum oils

 Textiles

 Preparation of copper compounds for rot-proofing canvas and other fabrics

 

 Rot-proofing sandbags

 

 Mordant, especially in calico printing

 

 Cuprammonium process for the production of rayon

 

 Production of aniline black and diazo colours for dyeing

 

 "After coppering" to increase the fastness of dyes

 

 Catalyst in the manufacture of cellulose ethers and in cellulose acetylation

 Miscellaneous

 Improving the burning qualities of coke

 

 Laboratory analytical work

 

 Ingredient of laundry marking ink

 

 Dyeing of hair and horn

 

 Ingredient of hair dyes of the phenylene diamine or pyrogallol type

 

 Preparation of chlorophyll as a colouring material for food stuffs

 

 Imparting a green colour in fireworks

 

 Activator in the preparation of active carbons

 

 Preservative for wood pulp

 

 Preservation of fishing nets and hides on trawls

 

 Obtaining a blue-black finish on steel

 

 Treatment of carbon brushes

 

 Ingredient of the solution used for preserving plant specimens in their natural colours

 

Impregnation in fruit wrapping papers to prevent storage rots

Uses of Copper Compounds: Table B - Plant Diseases Amenable to Control by Copper Fungicides

 

Disease

 

Plant

Common name

Pathogen

Almond

Shot hole

Clasterosporium carpophilum

 

Rust

Puccinia pruni-spinosae

 

Blossom wilt

Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena

 

Leaf curl

Taphrina deformans

Aloe

Anthracnose

Colletotrichum agaves

Antirrhinum

Rust

Puccinia antirrhini

Apple

Pink disease

Corticium salmonicolor

 

Fireblight

Erwinia amylovora

 

Bitter rot

Glomerella cingulata

 

Canker

Nectria galligena

 

Blotch

Phyllosticta solitaria

 

Black rot

Physalospora obtusa

 

Blossom wilt

Sclerotinia laxa

 

Scab

Venturia inaequalis

Apricot

Shot hole

Clasterosporium carpophilum

 

Rust

Puccinia pruni-spinosae

 

Blossom wilt

Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena

Areca Nut

Thread blight

Corticium koleroga

Arrowroot

Banded leaf blight

Corticium solani

Artichoke (Globe)

 

Ramularia cynarae

Asparagus

Rust

Puccinia asparagi

Avocado

Fruit spot

Cercospora purpurea

 

Anthracnose (Black spot)

Glomerella cingulata

 

Bacterial rot

Pseudomonas syringae

 

Scab

Sphaceloma perseae

 Azalea

 Flower spot

 Ovulinia azaleae

 Banana

 Black rot (Die back)

 Botryodiplodia theobromae

 

 Helminthosporiosis

 Helminthosporium sp.

 

 Sigatoka disease (Leaf spot)

 Mycosphaerella musicola

 Barley

 Snow damage

 Typhula itoana

 

 Covered smut

 Ustilago hordei

 Bean (Broad)

 Leaf spot

 Asochyta pisi

 

 Chocolate spot

 Botrytis cinerea

 

 Rust

 Uromyces fabae

 Bean (French and Runner)

 Anthracnose

 Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

 

 Powdery mildew

 Erysiphe polygoni

 

 Halo blight

 Pseudomonas medicaginis var phaseolicola

 

 Rust

Uromyces appendiculatus

 

 Common blight

 Xanthomonas phaseoli

 Begonia

 Mildew

 Oidium begoniae

 Betel

 Leaf spot

 Bacterium betle

 

 Leaf spot

 Glomeralla cingulata

 

 Foot rot

 Phytophthora colocasiae

 

 Leaf rot

 Phytophthora parasitica

 Blackberry

 Cane spot

 Elsinoe veneta

 Blueberry

 Powdery mildew

 Microsphaera alni var. vaccinii

 

 Leaf rust

 Pucciniastrum myrtilli

 

 Fruit rot

 Sclerotinia vaccinii-corymbosi

 Brassicas

 Damping off

 Oipidium brassicae

 

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora parasitica

 

 Black leg (Canker)

 Phoma lingam

 

 Black rot

 Xanthomonas campestris

 Cacao

 Brown pod rot (Die back)

 Botryodiplodia theobromae

 

 Witches' broom

 Marasmius perniciosus

 

 Black pod rot

 Phytophthora palmivora

 Calendula

 Leaf spot

 Cercospora calendulae

 Carnation

 Ring spot

 Didymellina dianthi

 

 Leaf spot

 Septoria dianthi

 

 Rust

 Uromyces dianthi

  Carrot

Blight

 Alternaria dauci

 

Bacterial soft rot

 Bacterium carotovorum

 

 Leaf spot

 Cercospora carotae

 Cassava

 Leaf spot

 Cercospora henningsii

 Castor oil

 Leaf spot

 Phyllosticta bosensis

 Cattleya

 Black rot

 Phythium ultimum

 Celery

 Blight

 Cercospora apii

 

 Leaf spot

 Septoria apii and Septoria apii graveolentis

 Cherry

 Shot hole

 Clasterosporium carpophilum

 

 Leaf spot

 Coccomyces hiemalis

 

 Bitter rot

 Glomerella cingulata

 

 Leaf scorch

 Gnomonia erythrostoma

 

 Bacterial canker

 Pseudomonas mors-prunorum

 

 Brown rot (Blossom wilt)

 Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena

 

 Scab

 Venturia cerasi

 Chestnut

 Blight

 Endothia parasitica

 

 Ink disease

 Phytophthora cambivora

 Chilli

 Blight (Leaf spot)

 Cercospora capsici

 

 Blight (Collar rot)

 Phytophthora capsici

 

 Bacterial spot

 Xanthomonas vesicatoria

 Chrysanthemum

 Mildew

 Oidium chrysanthemi

 

 Rust

 Puccinia chrysanthemi

 

 Leaf spot

Septoria chrysanthemella 

 Cinchona

 Damping off

 Pythium vexans

 Cineraria

 

 Alternaria senecionis

 Citronella

 Collar rot

 

 Citrus

 Sooty mould

 Aithaloderma citri

 

 Thread blight

 Corticium koleroga

 

 Melanose

 Diaporthe citri

 

 Mal secco

 Deuterophoma tracheiphila

 

 Scab

 Elsinoe fawcetti

 

 Anthracnose (Wither tip)

 Gloeosporium limetticola

 

 Sooty blotch

 Leptothyrium pomi

 

 Black spot

 Phoma citricarpa

 

 Brown rot

 Phytophthora spp.

 

 Black pit

 Pseudomonas syringae

 

 Septoria spot

 Septoria depressa

 

 Canker

 Xanthomonas citri

 Coffee

 Brown eyespot

 Cercospora coffeicola

 

 Thread blight (Black rot)

 Corticium koleroga

 

 Anthracnose (Die back)

 Glomerella cingulata

 

 Rust

 Hemileia vastatrix

 

 Berry disease

 Colletotrichum coffeanum

 Conifers

 Blight

 Cercospora thujina

 

 Coryneum blight

 Coryneum berckmanii

 

 Canker

 Coryneum cardinale

 

 Fusiform rust

 Cronartium fusiforme

 

 Blister rust

 Cronartium ribicola

 

 Leaf cast (of Kauri Pine)

 Hendersonula agathi

 

 Needle cast (of Scots Pine)

 Lophodermium pinastri

 

 Phomopsis blight

 Phomopsis juniperovora

 

 Needle cast (of Douglas Fir)

 Rhabdocline pseudotsugae

 

 Root rot

 Rhizoctonia cROCCORRXum

 Cotton

 Alternarii disease

 Alternaria gossypii and Alternaria

 

 macrospora

 

 

 Sore shin

 Corticium solani

 Cowpea

 Scab

 Cladosporium vignae

 Cucurbits

 Leaf blight

 Alternaria cucumerina

 

 Wet rot

 Choanephora cucurbitarum

 

 Anthracnose

 Colletotrichum lagenarium

 

 Wilt

 Erwinia tracheiphila

 

 Powdery mildew

 Erysiphe cichoracearum

 

 Black rot

 Mycosphaerella citrullina

 

 Stem end rot

 Physalospora rhodina

 

 Downy mildew

 Pseudoperonospora cubensis

 Currant (Ribes)

 Leaf spot

 Mycosphaerella grossulariae and Mycosphaerella ribis

 

 Leaf spot

 Pseudopeziza ribis

 Cytisus

 Die back

 Ceratophorum setosum

 Daffodil

 White mould

 Ramularia vallisumbrosae

 

 Fire

 Sclerotinia polyblastis

 Dahlia

 Leaf spot

 Phyllosticta dahliicola and Entyloma dahliae

 Dalo

 Leaf spot

 Phytophthora colocasiae

 Delphinium

 Mildew

 Erysiphe polygoni

 Derris

 Leaf spot

 Colletotrichum derridis

 Dogwood (Cornus)

 Spot anthracnose

 Elsinoe corni

 Egg Plant

 Leaf spot

 Ascochyta melongenae

 

 Damping off

 Corticium solani

 Fig

 Leaf fall and Fruit rot

 Cercospora bolleana

 

 Rust

 Cerotelium fici

 

 Thread blight

 Corticium koleroga

 

 Canker

 Phomopsis cinerescens

 

 Blight

 Phizoctonia microsclerotia

 Filbert

 Bud blight

 Xanthomonas corylina

 Fruit trees

 Crown gall

 Bacterium tumefaciens

 Gambier

 White root rot

 Fomes lignosus

 Gardenia

 Canker

 Phomopsis gardenia

 Gerbera

 Leaf spot

 Cercospora sp.

 Ginseng

 Blight

 Alternaria panax

 Gladiolus

 Corm rot

 Botrytis gladiolorum

 Gooseberry

 Die back

 Botrytis cinerea

 

 Leaf spot

 Mycosphaerella grossulariae

 

 Cluster cup rust

 Puccinia pringshemiana

 

 American mildew

 Sphaerotheca mors-uvae

 Grasses

 Snow mould

 Calonectria graminicola

 

 Red thread

 Corticium fusiforme

 

 Brown patch of lawns

 Rhizoctonia and Holminthosporium spp.

 

 Stripe smut

 Ustilago striiformis

 Ground nut

 Leaf spot

 Cercospora arachidicola and Cercospora personate

 

 Stem rot (Southern blight)

 Sclerotium rolfsii

 Guava

 Leaf spot

 Cephaleuros mycoidea

 

 Thread blight

 Corticium koleroga

 

 Rust

 Puccinia psidii

 Hellebore

 

 Coniothyrium hellebori

 Hollyhock

 Rust

 Puccinia malvacearum

 Hop

 Downy mildew

 Pseudoperonospora humuli

 

 Powdery mildew

 Sphaerotheca humuli

 Hydrangea

 Mildew

 Oidium hortensiae

 Leek

 Mildew

 Peronospora destructor

 

 White tip

 Phytophthora porri

 Lettuce

 Downy mildew

 Bremia lactucae

 

 Ring spot

 Marssonina panattoniana

Lily

 Blight

 Botrytis elliptica

 Maize

 Downy mildew

 Sclerospora philippinensis

 Mango

 Red rust

 Cephaleuros virescens

 

 Anthracnose

 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

 

 Scab

 Elsinoe mangiferae

 

 Bacterial black spot

 Erwinia mangiferae

 

 Anthracnose

 Gloeosporium mangiferae

 

 Powdery mildew

 Oidium mangiferae

 Medlar

 Scab

 Venturia eriobotryae

 Millet (Italian)

 Smut

 Ustilago crameri

 Mushroom

 White mould

 Mycogone perniciosa

 

 Bacterial blotch(Brown blotch)

 Pseudomonas tolaasi

 Nectarine

 Shot hole

 Clasterosporium carpophilum

 

 Rust

 Puccinia pruni-spinosae

 

 Blossom wilt

 Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena

 

 Leaf curl

 Taphrina deformans

 Oats

 Loose smut

 Ustilago avanae

 Olive

 Leaf spot

 Cycloconium oleaginum

 Onion

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora destructor

 Orchids

 Fusarium

 Macrophoma and Diplodia spp.

 Paeony

 Blight

 Botrytis peaoniae

 

 Bud death

 Sphaeropsis paeonia

 Palm ( Palmyra)

 Leaf spot

 Pestalotia palmarum

 Passion fruit

 Brown spot

 Alternaria passiflorae

 

 Grease spot

 Pseudomonas passiflorae

 Pawpaw

 Leaf spot

 Ascochyta caricae

 

 Anthracnose (Fruit rot)

 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

 

 Powdery mildew

 Oidium caricae

 

 Hard rot

 Phytophthora parasitica

 Peach

 Shot hole

 Clasterosporium carpophilum

 

 Rust

 Puccinia pruni-spinosae

 

 Blossom wilt

 Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena

 

 Leaf curl

 Taphrina deformans

 Pear

 Scab ( America)

 Cladosporium effusum

 

 Thread blight

 Corticium koleroga

 

 Firebiiglit

 Erwinia amylovora

 

 Bitter rot

 Glomerella cingulata

 

 Leaf spot (Leaf speck)

 Mycosphaerella sentina

 

 Scab

 Venturia pirina

 Pecan

 Scab

 Cladosporium effusum

 

 Thread blight

 Corticium koleroga

 

 Vein spot

 Gnomonia nerviseda

 

 Liver spot

 Gnomonia caryae var. pecanae

 Pepper(Red)

 See Chilli)

 

 Persimmon

 Canker

 Phomopsis diospyri

 Pineapple

 Heart or stern rot

 Phytophthora parasitica

 Piper betle

 (See Betel)

 

 Plantain

 Black tip

 Helminthosporium torulosum

 Plum

 Shot hole

 Clasterosporium carpophilum

 

 Black rot

 Dibotryon morbosum

 

 Bacterial canker

 Pseudomonas mors-prunorum

 

 Wilt

 Pseudomonas prunicola

 

 Rust

 Puccinia pruni-spinosae

 

 Brown rot

 Sclerotinia fructigena

 

 Blossom wilt

 Sclerotinia laxa

 

 Watery rot (Pocket plums)

 Taphrina pruni

 

 Bacterial spot

 Xanthomonas pruni

 Poplar

 

 Septogloeum populiperdun

 Poppy

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora arborescens

 Potato

 Early blight

 Alternaria solani

 

 Grey mould

 Botrytis cinerea

 

 Blight (Late blight)

 Phytophthora infestans

 

 Dry rot

 Sclerotium rolfsii

 Quince

 Brown rot

 Sclerotinia fructigena

 

 Shot hole

 Clasterosporium carpophilum

 Raspberry

 Spur blight

 Didymella applanata

 

 Cane spot (Anthracnose)

 Elsinoe veneta

 

 Cane wilt

 Leptosphaeria coniothyrium

 Rhododendron

 Leaf scorch (Bud blast)

 Pycnostysanus azaleae

 Rhubarb

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora jaapiana

 Rice

 Brown spot

 Ophiobolus miyabeanus

 

 (Helmintliosporiosis)

 

 

 Blast

 Piricularia oryzae

 Rose

 Black spot

 Diplocarpon rosae

 

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora sparsa

 

 Rust

 Phragmidium mucronatum

 

 Leaf spot (Anthracnose)

 Sphaceloma rosarum

 

 Mildew

Sphaerotheca pannosa

 Rubber

 American leaf disease

 Dothidella ulei

 

 White root rot

 Fomes lignosus

 

 Leaf disease

 Helminthosporium heveae

 

 Stem disease

 Pestalotia palmarum

 

 Abnormal leaf fall

 Phytophthora palmivora

 Rye grass

 Blind seed

 Phialea temulenta

 Safflower

 Rust

 Puccinia carthami

 Seedlings

 Damping off

 Pythium debaryanum, Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,etc

 Sorghum

 Covered smut

 Sphacelotheca sorghi

 Spinach

 Leaf spot

 Heterosporium variabile

 

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora effusa

 Spindle tree

 Mildew

 Oidium euonymi-japonicae

 Stock

 Leaf spot

 Alternaria raphani

 Strawberry

 Leaf spot

 Mycosphaerella fragariae

 Sugar beet

 Leaf spot

 Cercospora beticola

 

 Downy mildew

 Peronospora schactii

 Sunflower

 Rust

 Puccinia helianthi

 

 Wilt

 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

 Sweet potato

 Wilt

 Fusarium spp.

 Taro

 Leaf spot

 Phytophthora colocasiae

 Tea

 Black rot (Die back)

 Botryodiplodia theobromae

 

 Red rust

 Cephaleuros niycoidea

 

 Blister blight

 Exobasidium vexans

 

 Grey blight

 Pestalotia theae

 Tobacco

 Brown spot (Red rust)

 Alternaria longipes

 

 Leaf spot

 Ascochyta nicotianae

 

 Frog eye

 Cercospora nicotianae

 

 Blue mould (Downy mildew)

 Peronospora tabacina

 

 Wildfire

 Pseudomonas tabacum

 Tomato

 Early blight

 Alternaria solani

 

 Leaf mould

 Cladosporium fulvum

 

 Anthracnose

 Colletotrichum phomoides

 

 Fruit rot

 Didymella lycopersici

 

 Mildew

 Leveilluia taurica

 

 Fruit rot

 Phytophthora capsici

 

 Foot rot

 Phytophthora cryptogea

 

 Blight (Late blight)

 Phytophthora infestans

 

 Leaf spot

 Septoria lycopersici

 

 Grey leaf spot

 Stemphylium solani

 

 Bacterial spot

 Xanthomonas vesicatoria

 Tuberose

 Blight

 Botrytis elliptica

 Tung

 Thread blight

 Corticium koleroga

 Veronica

 

 Septoria exotici

 Vine (Grape)

 "Coitre"

 Coniothyrium diplodiella

 

 Anthracnose

 Elsinoe ampelina

 

 Black rot

 Guignardia bidwellii

 

 Leaf spot

 Isariopsis fuckelli

 

 Bitter rot

 Melanconium fuligineum

 

 Angular leaf spot

 Mycosphaerella angulata

 

 Downy mildew

 Plasmopara viticola

 

 Totbrenner

 Pseudopeziza tracheiphila

 

 Powdery mildew

 Uncinula necator

 Vine (Sultana)

 Sooty dew

 Exosporium sultanae

 Viola

 Leaf spot

 Centrospora acerina

 Violet

 Scab

 Sphaceloma violae

 Walnut

 Ring spot

 Ascochyta juglandis

 

 Anthracnose (Blotch)

 Gnomonia leptostyla

 

 Downy leaf spot

 Microstroma juglandis

 

 Blight

 Xanthomonas juglandis

 Wheat

 Root rot

 Gibberella zeae

 

 Rust

 Puccinia spp

 

 Snow damage

 Pythium sp.

 

 Bunt

Tilletia caries and Tilletia faetida 

 Willow

 Black canker

 Physalospora miyabeana

 

 Scab

 Venturia chlorospora

 Zinnia

 Wilt

 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum